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bugyo – B-LOG https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log bugyoのlog。決してblogではない。 Sat, 25 Jul 2020 18:35:02 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=5.7.2 [vi] 開いているファイルのパスを表示する https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/896 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/896#respond Tue, 11 Feb 2014 10:48:37 +0000
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http://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/?p=896 ViやVimで開いているファイルのパスを知るには、

:ls

と入力する。

開いているバッファの一覧とパスが表示される。

]]>
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[NTP] ntpqのreach https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/890 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/890#respond Sun, 26 May 2013 06:00:05 +0000
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http://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/?p=890 NTPのリファレンス実装についてくる ntpq コマンドの -p オプションでは登録した peer の状態が表示される。

remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter
==============================================================================
*tok-ntp-ext.asi 17.82.254.14 2 u 576 1024 377 12.519 3.781 2.018

reachに表示されている値は8進数で、1ビットごとにNTPサーバへpollした際の成否を表している。

LSBから順に前回、前々回……と8回前のpollまで成否がわかる。

例えば、前々回のpollが失敗し、それ以外は成功した場合、reachは (11111101)_2 = (375)_8 となる。

]]>
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[Clojure] 合成関数 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/884 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/884#respond Sun, 17 Feb 2013 09:16:31 +0000
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http://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/?p=884 (filter (comp not nil?) '(a nil b nil c nil d)) (a b c d)]]> Clojure で Haskell のドット演算子のように合成関数を得るには clojure.core/comp を用いる。

user=> (filter (comp not nil?) '(a nil b nil c nil d))
(a b c d)
]]>
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[Clojure] 空リストか否か https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/880 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/880#respond Mon, 11 Feb 2013 09:09:04 +0000
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http://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/?p=880 false よって、再帰の停止条件などでは空リストか否かを返す述語 empty? を使う。 (defn sum [lst] (if (empty? lst) 0 (+ (first lst) (sum (rest lst)))))]]> Clojure では nil と空リストは同じではない。

  (= nil '()) => false

よって、再帰の停止条件などでは空リストか否かを返す述語 empty? を使う。

  (defn sum [lst]
    (if (empty? lst)
      0
      (+ (first lst) (sum (rest lst)))))
]]>
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[csh] 入力中の前後2文字を入れ替える https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/876 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/876#respond Sat, 19 Jan 2013 07:40:38 +0000
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http://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/?p=876 csh系のシェルでは、Ctrl-t とすると、カーソル位置とその一つ前の文字を入れ替えることができる。
たとえば、

  % sl

と入力した後で、Ctrl-tを入力すると、

  % ls

となる。

]]>
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[Haskell] 『すごいHaskell たのしく学ぼう!』13.6節の演習 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/859 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/859#respond Sun, 26 Aug 2012 10:46:23 +0000
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http://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/?p=859 (6, 2) `canReachIn3` (6, 1) True のように始点と終点を指定すると到達の可否がかえってくる。 節尾の演習にどのように到達できるか教えてくれるようにせよとあったので書いてみる。 import Monad type KnightPos = (Int, Int) type KnightTrack = [KnightPos] moveKnight :: KnightTrack -> [KnightTrack] moveKnight ((c, r) : xs) = map addLog $ filter onBoard [(c+2,r-1), (c+2,r+1), Continue reading [Haskell] 『すごいHaskell たのしく学ぼう!』13.6節の演習]]> 『すごいHaskell たのしく学ぼう!』の13.6節ではリストモナドによる非決定性計算を使ってチェスのナイトが3手で指定したマスに到達できるかを計算する関数が紹介された。

ghci> (6, 2) `canReachIn3` (6, 1)
True

のように始点と終点を指定すると到達の可否がかえってくる。

節尾の演習にどのように到達できるか教えてくれるようにせよとあったので書いてみる。

import Monad

type KnightPos = (Int, Int)
type KnightTrack = [KnightPos]

moveKnight :: KnightTrack -> [KnightTrack]
moveKnight ((c, r) : xs)  = 
  map addLog $
  filter onBoard [(c+2,r-1), (c+2,r+1), (c-2,r-1), (c-2,r+1)
                 ,(c+1,r-2), (c+1,r+2), (c-1,r-2), (c-1,r+2)]
  where onBoard (c, r) = c `elem` [1..8] && r `elem` [1..8]
        addLog pos = pos : (c, r) : xs

in3 :: KnightTrack -> [KnightTrack]
in3 start = return start >>= moveKnight >>= moveKnight >>= moveKnight

canReachIn3 :: KnightPos -> KnightPos -> [KnightTrack]
canReachIn3 start end = 
  filter (\(pos : track) -> pos == end) $ in3 [start]

canReachIn3は真偽値でなくナイトの軌跡を返すように変更した。到達できないときは [] が帰る。

ghci>canReachIn3 (6,2) (6,1)
[[(6,1),(7,3),(8,1),(6,2)],[(6,1),(5,3),(4,1),(6,2)],[(6,1),(5,3),(7,4),(6,2)],
[(6,1),(8,2),(7,4),(6,2)],[(6,1),(7,3),(5,4),(6,2)],[(6,1),(4,2),(5,4),(6,2)]]
ghci>canReachIn3 (6,2) (7,3)
[]
]]>
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[Lisp] Common LispとSchemeの関数対応表 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/822 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/822#respond Tue, 22 Nov 2011 06:32:54 +0000
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http://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/?p=822 Continue reading [Lisp] Common LispとSchemeの関数対応表]]> Common Lispの関数やマクロと対応する機能を持つSchemeの手続きや構文を表にまとめる.

随時更新.

Common Lisp Scheme 備考
atom なし (not (pair? obj))を使う
consp pair?
dolist for-each 記法は異なる
mapcan append-map!  SRFI 1
mapcar map
multiple-value-bind receive SRFI 8, library syntax
null null?
nth list-ref
nthcdr list-tail SRFI 1ではdrop
progn begin
rplaca set-car!
rplacd set-cdr!
setq set!
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[コマンド] rlwrap https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/818 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/818#respond Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:58:18 +0000
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http://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/?p=818 GNU Rreadlineライブラリは入力の際の便利な機能を提供するライブラリ。これを使用したプログラムでは、入力の際にシェルのようなEmacsキーバインドでの移動や、履歴の呼び出し、カッコの対応の表示などの機能が使えるようになる。

rlwrapはreadlineを使用していないプログラムでもreadlineが使えるように入力をラップするコマンド。
http://utopia.knoware.nl/~hlub/rlwrap/
から入手できる。FreeBSDではportsにあった。

特にLispのREPLではカッコの対応がすぐわかってうれしい。

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[並行計算][Scheme][Racket] SRFI 18のmutexとcondition variable https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/799 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/799#respond Wed, 09 Nov 2011 12:15:18 +0000
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http://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/?p=799 Continue reading [並行計算][Scheme][Racket] SRFI 18のmutexとcondition variable]]> RacketはSRFI 18に対応していることになっているが、mutex-lock!やcondition-variable-signal!などどの手続きはrequireしても定義されない。

mutexやcondition variableのような同期機構ではなく、チャネル通信などの機構を使えということなのだと思うが、ロックを使ったほうが素直に実装できる場合もある。

幸いセマフォはあるようなので、セマフォでmutexやcondition variableを次のように書いた。

;;; mutex
(define (make-mutex)
  (make-semaphore 1))

(define (mutex-lock! m)
  (semaphore-wait m))

(define (mutex-unlock-primitive! m)
  (semaphore-post m))

(define (mutex-unlock! m . rest)
  (let ((condvar (if (null? rest) #f (car rest))))
    (mutex-unlock-primitive! m)
    (when condvar
      (condition-variable-wait! condvar))))

;;; gate
(define (make-gate)
  (make-semaphore 0))

(define (gate-wait! g)
  (semaphore-wait g))

(define (gate-signal! g)
  (semaphore-post g))

;;; condition variable
(define (make-condition-variable)
  (list 'condition-variable '() (make-mutex)))

(define (condition-variable-gates cv)
  (list-ref cv 1))

(define (condition-variable-mutex cv)
  (list-ref cv 2))

(define (condition-variable-clear-gates! cv)
  (set-car! (cdr cv) '() ))

(define (condition-variable-put-gates! cv val)
  (set-car! (cdr cv)
	    (cons val (condition-variable-gates cv))))

(define (condition-variable-wait! cv)
  (let ((mutex (condition-variable-mutex cv))
	(gates (condition-variable-gates cv))
	(new-gate (make-gate)))
    (mutex-lock! mutex)
      (condition-variable-put-gates! cv new-gate)
    (mutex-unlock-primitive! mutex)
    (gate-wait! new-gate)))

(define (condition-variable-signal! cv)
  (let ((mutex (condition-variable-mutex cv))
	(gates (condition-variable-gates cv)))
    (mutex-lock! mutex)
      (for-each (lambda (g) (gate-signal! g))
		gates)
      (condition-variable-clear-gates! cv)
    (mutex-unlock-primitive! mutex)))

condition variableは使い捨てのmutexを用いて実装している。
これで、同期に関してSRFI 18で定められた手続きが使える。

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[Scheme][Racket] set-car! set-cdr! が使えない https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/794 https://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/archives/794#respond Tue, 08 Nov 2011 10:45:23 +0000
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http://blog.bugyo.tk/b-log/?p=794 (require r5rs) とすると、set-car! や set-cdr! が定義され、cons で作ったペアに再代入できる。 参考: Getting rid of set-car! and set-cdr!]]> racket コマンドで起動した Racket では set-car! や set-cdr! が定義されていなかった。

調べてみると Racket ではペアへの破壊的な代入を許さないらしい。

代わりに mcons というデータ構造が用意されていてこちらは set-mcar! や set-mcdr! といった手続きで代入ができる。

R5RS に基づいて書かれた Scheme のプログラムを動かすにはペアを扱う手続きを mcons を使うものに定義し直す必要があるが、すでにそれをするパッケージが用意されている。

> (require r5rs)

とすると、set-car! や set-cdr! が定義され、cons で作ったペアに再代入できる。

参考: Getting rid of set-car! and set-cdr!

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