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正史から演義へ – 三国志演義 – B-LOG
B-LOG

正史から演義へ – 三国志演義

『三国志演義』は魏、呉、蜀の三国が中華の覇権を争った三国時代から千数百年を経て書かれた長編小説だ。本書は三国時代の歴史を記した陳寿の歴史書『三国志』から、講談師のレジュメである『新全相三国志平話』を経て『三国志演義』へ至る道のりを追い、『三国志演義』成立の過程を明解に著している『三国志演義』の紹介本である。原本を読んでいなくともあらすじを知っているだけで十分楽しむことが出来るだろう。面白いのは『三国志演義』が『三国志』や『平話』とのかねあいのもと、どのような立場で著され、いかに文学性を持った作品なのかが述べられているところだ。また、『三国志演義』の作者(羅貫中いわれている)の作中人物たちへの思いの入れ方も読み取っている。
『三国志演義』が書かれたのは『三国志』が著されてから千年の後である。その間に三国時代の史実や逸話は講談として語られ、また新たな逸話が生まれるなどして広く流布して発展していった。時代は南北時代に入り漢民族の王朝は北方の異民族に押されて河南に縮こまることになる。このような状況で三国の解釈は同じく江南の成都を都とする蜀正統論が知識階級の中でも強まっていく。『三国志演義』では当然この流れに則って蜀の義兄弟三人を中心として、後半は諸葛亮を中心として描いていく。史実とは様々なところが異なるが、正史に当たり周到に複線を張り巡らせて整合性のとれた物語を展開してゆく。

三国志演義 (岩波新書)
井波 律子


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